Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a type of malnutrition caused by insufficient protein intake.

When a child is nursing, it receives certain amino acid vital to growth from its mother's milk. When the child is weaned, if the diet that replaces the milk is high in straches and carbohydrates, and deficient in protein the child may develop kwashiorkor.

Symptom

• a swollen abdomen known as a pot belly
• reddish discoloration of the hair and dispigmented skin
  
• reducing plasma proteins resulting in a reduced oncotic pressure and therefore increased osmotic flux through the capillary wall.
• due to a grossly enlarged liver due to fatty liver. This fatty change occurs because of the lack of apoprotein
• failure to gain weight
• irritability
• lethargy or aparty
• decrease muscle mass
• swelling(edema)
• large belly that stick out
• diarrhea
• dermatitis

Treatment

• by adding food energy and protein to diet

Characteristic of Kwarshiorkor&Marasmus

Variable	Kwarshiorkor	Marasmus
Skeleton muscle	insignificant	significant
Serum protein	decrease	normal
Adipose tissue	preserves	loss
Body weight	Relatively normal	loss
Edema	edema	absent
Predisposing factors	Ample energy with little or no protein	Starvation:;ack of both protein and Kcal

Marasmus

Marasmus is a severe Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) A child with marasmus looks emaciated and the body weight may reduce to less than 80% of the normal weight for that height.

Characteristic

• dry skin,skin fold,loss adipose tissue(fat cell)

• Are often fretful,irritable,voraciously hungry

Therapy

• It is essential to treat not only the symptoms but also the complications of the disorder like infection,dehydration and circulation disorders, which are frequently lethal and lead to high mortality if ignored
• The nutritional needs of children in the rehabilitation stage require at least 150 kcal/kg/day
• Dehydration must be addressed with oral rehydration therapy
  
• Micro nutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A def, require supplementation.
  

Body mass index (BMI)

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to both adult(19 years up) men and women.

BMI = weight(kg)/Weight² (metric)

BMI Categories:

• Underweight BMI less than18.5
• Normal weight BMI on 18.5-22.9
• Overweight BMI on 23-24.9
• Obesity BMI over 25

ex. weight=58 kg height=175 cm BMI=58/(1.75)² = 18.93

So on this case have a normal weight